Soil is a complex medium, undergoing constant change in its component parts: chemical, physical, and biological. These components are significantly affected by environmental factors, and anthropogenic management and influences. The microbial community of soil is a keystone of the function and structure of soil, which may be characterized from one system to the next by its size, composition and activity. The soil microbial biomass has been defined as the part of the organic matter in soil that constitutes living microorganisms smaller than 5-10 μm~3. The importance of the soil microbial biomass was summarized by Jenkinson.
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