Geothermal District Heating Systems: Country Case Studies From China, Germany, Iceland, and United States of America, and Schemes to Overcome the Gaps

摘要

Geothermal district heating systems (GDHSs) are extensively used in some countries and only scarcely applied in other countries. Even though the geothermal potential is available and population densities and outside temperatures would call for a geothermal district heating system, the small number of systems installed leave the question why not more municipalities use GDHS. Based on country assessments of China, Germany, Iceland and the U.S. challenges and opportunities of GDHS were identified. Recommendations were developed in view of interested countries wishing to install GDHS.