Urban groundwater and sanitation - developed and developing countries

摘要

In the developed world, 'mature' cities have been through a number of distinct phases of development including industrialisation and post-industrialisation. Associated with these stages of development are changes in infrastructure, particularly in sanitation and water supply. These changes in development and infrastructure have impacted both underlying groundwater quantity and quality. The deterioration in water quality during early stages of development, largely as a result of absent or on-site sanitation facilities, is seen in many developing or rapidly urbanising cities today.