It is an important problem of the biochemical science to invest gate the nature of the interactions of biopolymers with low-molecular compounds. The answer of this question is of great importance also for medicine because nucleic acids and proteins are a target for drugs in some disease therapies. It is well known that the nucleic acids play an important role in the living cell function. First of all, DNA molecules are the carriers of genetic information for the most of living organisms. The RNA molecules play a crucial role at the protein synthesis process and some organisms have genomes composed solely of RNA. Under the Darwinian model, the evolution of the life involves a continuous series of ancestors with a large number of intermediate stages, all of which have to be biologically functional. The assumption was made that breakthrough organism has arisen from a population of ribo - organisms that utilize RNA both as genetic material and catalyst. Indeed, unlike DNA. some RNA molecules (called ribozymes) are able to undertake certain biochemical reactions without the aid of proteins. This provides a basis for the hypothesis that the RNA molecules are the precursor of DNA at the earliest stage of evolution (RNA World). At the same time the protein recognition of RNA and DNA play a fundamental role in the protein synthesis and other biological processes. Structural and biochemical studies of nucleic acid-protein interactions examine how a protein recognizes a specific nucleic acid (NA) site, what effect it has on NA structure, and how their interactions promote a specific function For example, for ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, these functions include transcription, splicing, and translation, which are crucial in regulating gene expression.
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