A study of the vulnerability of the US transportation infrastructure relying on Global Positioning System (GPS) signals to intentional and unintentional interference was carried out by the U. S. Department of Transportation DOT Volpe Center in 2001. The decision to go ahead with Galileo as the European contribution to a civil Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has prompted the question as to whether a similar study is needed in Europe. The increasing reliance on GPS in all types of position finding and navigation underlines the importance of an objective consideration of possible areas of vulnerability and a consideration of measures to reduce or mitigate such effects. These measures will become particularly important with the introduction of Galileo and the phasing out of other systems and might be taken into account in the formulation of a European Radio Navigation Plan (ERNP), currently underway. This study concentrates on navigation applications in the maritime sector. However, its findings might also be relevant to other transport sectors, specialised positioning and timing applications.
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