COASTAL EROSION IN THE BLACK SEA: The Experience of the Black Sea Environmental Programme

摘要

The Black Sea (Figure 1) is the largest land-locked sea, with a total area of 4.2 x 10~5 km~2, maximum depth of 2,212 m, and water volume of 547,015 km~3. Below the depth of 150-200 m, the deep water is anoxic and contaminated with H_2S. The Black Sea drainage basin covers more than 2 million km~2, and more than 160 million people live in this area. The largest rivers emptying into the sea are the Danube, the Dniester, the Dnieper and the Don. across the continent from the Schwarzwald Massif in Germany down to the Black Sea. Its water discharge into the Black Sea is about 200 km~3 of water/year. The Danube drainage basin extends 817,000 km~2 to more than 15 countries sharing this catchment area.