Based on the above results, we conclude that there are two unique features in nanofibrous membranes for pervaporation applications, such as the separation of water and ethanol. First, the membranes fabricated by using the electro-spun nanofibrous scaffolds can have significantly higher permeation flux than those based on conventional porous membranes fabricated by the phase conventional method. Second, the modified cellulose nanofibers can effectively prevent the penetration from the skin layer to the nanofibrous scaffold. The combined features can lead to a new class of pervaporation membranes with simultaneous enhancements of permeation flux and separation factor.
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