In wireless sensor networks (WNSs), sensor nodes are usually battery-powered. Hence, energy efficiency is a critical factor in WSNs. Orthogonal modulations suitable for energy-limited WSNs have been investigated under the assumption that batteries are linear and ideal. However, these analyses are not valid when more realistic nonlinear battery models are considered. Based on a general model integrating WSN transmission modules with realistic battery models, we derive two battery power-conserving schemes for M-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) and frequency shift keying (FSK). We analyze and compare their battery power efficiencies in various wireless channels. Our results reveal that FSK is more power-efficient than PPM in sparse WSNs, while PPM may outperform FSK in dense WSNs. We also show that in sparse WSNs, the power advantage of FSK over PPM is no more than 3dB; whereas in dense WSNs, the power advantage of PPM over FSK can be significant.
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机译：在无线传感器网络（WNSS）中，传感器节点通常是电池供电。因此，能量效率是WSNS中的关键因素。在假设电池线性和理想的假设下，已经研究了适用于能量限制WSN的正交调制。然而，当考虑更现实的非线性电池模型时，这些分析无效。基于与现实电池型号集成WSN传输模块的一般模型，我们推出了用于M-ARY脉冲位置调制（PPM）和频移键控（FSK）的两个电池电量节省方案。我们分析并比较各种无线通道的电池电力效率。我们的研究结果表明，FSK比稀疏WSN的PPM更高效，而PPM可能会占据密集WSN中的FSK。我们还表明，在稀疏的WSN中，FSK上PPM的功率优势不超过3DB;虽然在密集的WSN中，PPM OVER FSK的功率优势可能是显着的。
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