Heat and mass transfer in non-ferrous smelting furnaces

摘要

Fundamental heat and mass transfer considerations are used as a basis to evaluate the design and operation of pyrometallurgical furnaces. To successfully operate a high temperature metallurgical reactor, the interactions between the reactor walls and the inside gases and fluids have to be well understood and controlled. For furnaces with long service lives it is important that a layer of frozen ledge forms along the hearth of the furnace. This requirement places certain constraints on the design, capacity and operating conditions of furnaces. Furnace wall refractory and cooling requirements are analyzed in terms of smelting intensity, superheats and stirring conditions.