Corrosion of steel reinforcement due to carbonation and chloride ingress are recognized as key degradation mechanisms for concrete structures. Compared to carbonation induced corrosion, the effects of chloride induced corrosion are generally less predictable due the formation of local corrosion pits. These corrosion pits locally penetrate the steel and therefore cause a local reduction in cross section of the steel reinforcement. The rate at which chloride-induced corrosion pits propagate depends on aspects like the concrete material properties and environmental circumstances, but the exact relationships are unknown.
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