MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy) Model for Predicting Prehistoric Cave Sites In Karst Area Of Gunung Sewu, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

摘要

Gunungsewu is a karstic region in the southern part of Java Island, Indonesia. That area has a various type ofarchaeological evidences including human remains, animal remains, bone artifacts, stone artifacts, and shell art ifactswhich found in prehistoric caves, that show evidence of occupation caves as sustain of prehistoric human communities.In order to enhance the future of archaeological research, MaxEnt Model used to estimate Prehistoric occupation cavesites in the karstic region of Gunung Sewu. The objectives of this research are: (1) (1) Assessing the ability of DEMAlos Palsar, Sentinel-2a images and GIS data to extract environmental parameters related to prehistoric occupation cavesites. (2) Preparing a spatial model to estimate prehistoric occupation cave sites using DEM Alos Palsar imagery,Sentinel-2a imagery, and GIS data for input model MaxEnt (maximum entropy). (3) the accuracy of MaxEnt model topredicting location of prehistoric occupation caves. Primary data consist of environmental variables and caves variablesanalyzed by MaxEnt Model. Those variables extracted from 12.5-meter resolution DEM Alos Palsar, Sentinel- 2Aimages with 10 meters resolution, and GIS data. Environmental variables assessed by several maps such as valley-hillclassification (OBIA), distance of valley, elevation, slope, aspect, distance of lineament, lineament density and distancefrom water sources. Input data used 68 location prehistoric cave sites and 8 environmental variables with AUC value of0. 715 in good performance. Modeling process results are the jackknife test, response curve of the environmentalvariables, and probability map. Based on the probability map, this research is able to obtained prehistoric cave locationdata. Therefore, the ability of MaxEnt model as a method to locate archeological sites becomes reliable.