Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies of Iraqi Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

摘要

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. is one of the genera which belong Malvaceae family consider as shrubs distributed in large area in the world and in many countries one of the countries is Iraq as ornamental plants. This plant consider as very important plant in traditional medicine and all of the parts containing many chemical compounds, such as flavonoids, coumarin, tannins and terpens. The microscope exam showes anisocytic type of stomata at upper and lower surface of leaves. the shape of trichomes were Star (stellate) covering trichomes shape presented. Starch and pitting vessels were presented in powdered leaves, the active compounds in the leaves extracted were different from active constituents in the stem extracts, such as tannin, terpene, alkaloids and coumarin while the stem extract was contained tannin, terpene and flavonoids. Five compounds were identified from the n-hexane extract of stem of H. rosa-sinensis Linn. 9,12-octadecadienoic acid was in maximum content (25.62 %) in retention time 26.104, followed by n-hexadecanoic acid (15.74 %) in retention time 24.025, Apiol compounds (2.77%) in retention time 18.988, 1-octadecene (2.15%) in retention time 21.107 and the minimum one is Cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-(0.58%) in retention time 4.802. In Iraqi plant shown that the β-sitosterol compounds absence from the plant stem while this compound reported in many studies in other countries.