Fortum NURES?-BORES? concept of treating liquid radioactive waste containing boron

摘要

Pressurized water reactors (PWR), including Russian-type VVER-reactors, use boronto control reactivity. Some nuclear power plants (NPPs) have strict release limits forboron releases to waterways, especially rivers. European Chemicals Agency’s(ECHA) Registeration, Evauluation, Authorisation and Recstriction of Chemicals -regulation (REACH) has included boric acid as a candidate in the substance of veryhigh concern-list. REACH will also require complying with strict probable no effectconcentration (PNEC) limits of less than 10 ppm. Thus REACH is expected toincrease the pressure to minimise the boron releases to waterways even further.