High strength aluminum alloys in car manufacturing

摘要

In recent decades, there are many requirements stated against car manufacturing both from the customers' side and also as legal requirements to reduce harmful emissions to provide increased environment protection, as well as to achieve increased safety, higher comfort and more economical vehicles. To meet these often contradictory requirements, application of light weight design principles is one of the most widely applied solutions. There are two main trends for producing lightweight automotive structures with low cost manufacturing which are particularly valid for car body elements produced by sheet metal forming. Application of high strength steels is one of the main possibilities. Various generations of high strength steels (e.g. DP-steels, TRIP steels, XHSS and UHSS advanced high strength steels) were developed in the last decades which are already successfully applied in the automotive industry. The application of lightweight alloy materials - particularly various aluminum alloys - is regarded as the other possible solution to meet the requirements of lightweight car body constructions. Aluminum has even higher weight reduction potential than steel materials, but aluminium has lower formability than steel; replacing steel with lighter materials such as aluminum can be costly and is not simply straightforward. Aluminum sheet, in particular, has lower formability at room temperature than typical sheet steels. This is one of the main reasons that recently the hot forming of aluminum alloys came to the forefront of research activities. In this paper, some recent results obtained within a joint European project entitled Low Cost Materials Processing Technologies for Mass Production of Lightweight Vehicles will be introduced.