Risk of pathologies when exposed to fine dust in the construction industry

摘要

Problem urgency. According to the World Heart Federation prolonged exposure to pollutants of the air environment has negative effect on the cardiovascular system. Up to the present moment the question of the negative impact of fine dust on the cardiovascular system is studied insufficiently, there is no enough data about the risk to the health of workers in the construction industry during long contact with it. Purpose. To assess the risk of occurrence and development of the cardiovascular system disease under the impact of fine dust in the construction industry. Object of research: constructions of ground and underground types, undergoing reconstruction. Subject of research: impact of working zone air fine dust on the cardiovascular system of the worker in the construction industry. Methods. Sampling of air was carried out by automatic measurements of concentrations of fine particles PM2.5; PM10 in the studied objects working zone air by using a combined semiautomatic dust meter OPMN-10.0: the average concentrations for each operation (working zone) and time-weighted average concentration were defined. The risk of occurrence and development of cardiovascular pathology was determined on the basis of evolutionary modeling. Results. Based on the established exposure of fine dust there is a possibility to determine the forecast the negative impact of harmful factors on the expected period of employment duration. Determined the relationship between the risk value of occurrence and development of cardiovascular system diseases in contact with fine dust and the employment duration and the value of the maximum permissible concentration for surface and underground facilities. Conclusions. On the basis of the results of the obtained dependence was developed the scheme of the rapid assessment of risk of occurrence and development of cardiovascular system diseases to workers of facilities of surface and underground types when exposed to fine dust.