OpenMP Memkind: An Extension for Heterogeneous Physical Memories

摘要

Recently, CPU and graphics processors have been increasing the degree of on-chip parallelism in order to combat the decrease in traditional Moore's Law scaling. As a result, these new processors are increasing their appetite for faster memory devices with higher bandwidth. Component manufacturers have resorted to disparate or hierarchical fast memory device architectures such as shared local memory (SLM), scratch pad memory (SPM), and high bandwidth memory (HBM) to provide sufficient bandwidth. Following this trend, the physical memory locality gradually becomes a performance feature that users would like to explicitly manage. Inspired by this idea, this research is conducted to create a heterogeneous memory interface based on a new declarative data storage directive, or "memkind", for the OpenMP parallel programming specification to explicitly manage physical memory locality. Our approach is implemented as an OpenMP directive in order to avoid allocating data inside parallel regions, thus avoiding performance degradation due to sequential operating system routines. We demonstrate our approach as an extension to the LLVM OpenMP implementation, that enables the portability of our approach to be rapidly ported to any LLVM-supported architecture target. Our contributions in this work are a detailed design analysis of the memkind directive as well as a detailed implementation in the LLVM compiler infrastructure. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach using a synthetic benchmark application that records the execution performance and memory allocation efficiency.