Some problems of buildings and structures service within permafrost area

摘要

Cryolithic zone occupies almost quarter of our planet area or 66% of the territory of Russian Federation. For our country longstanding permafrost is an essential factor of nature, economy and social sphere. Construction, deposit of commercial minerals within area of longstanding permafrost is very sophisticated activity for the following factors: availability of hazardous geological (geocryological) processes and occurrences-thermokarst, soilfluction, crack formation of soils and ettls, freeze over, knobs, stratificated missives, ice of repeated ice veins, thermal erosion, bogging of territories, cryopeg development and permafrost mound. Nowadays Extreme North is the biggest raw hydrocarbon deposit together with other treasures of the soil. Negligence of design specialties and construction within area of longstanding permafrost, lack of information regarding natural conditions of severe environment are the reason of man-made accidents with crucial effects to nature. Being conducted climatic change of our planet has negative influence on interaction of men with environment. Permafrost may form continuous, broken and island type features. Concerning temperature it may be classified as low temperature and high temperature permafrost soils. Very often permafrost has various grade of salinity with presence of salt brine which makes serious influence on soil features and interaction with buildings and other facilities under construction stage. To preserve permafrost basic characteristics systems of soil thermo stabilization are being applied (STS). The experience of Bovanenkovsky oil and gas condensate field showed that foundations are 42-60% of cost estimate and the share of STS considered from 5.8 up to 16.4% from construction expenses. During design stage of underground mine openings within permafrost conditions it is very important to be familiar with nature specialties for the reason to avoid man-made disasters as we had on minery Ihal.