From Ancient to Modern Sustainable Concrete

机译：从古代到现代可持续混凝土

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The purpose of this paper is to show what ancient structures are made of and what can be done with today's materials to produce more sustainable modem concrete. Some samples of mortars collected from the Tipasa archaeological site and the Forbidden City site were submitted to XRD and SEM analysis. The samples from Tipasa were predominately calcined clay and/or lime. The samples from the Forbidden site consisted of wood, clay, and dolomite. The main binder in both cases was a type of C-A-S-H gel occasionally containing Mg, K, and/or CI. Most of today's structures are based on portland cement. Achieving sustainable-development goals generally includes replacing part of the cement in concrete with industrial waste or calcined clay, especially metakaolin. More recently, wastepaper sludge ash (WSA) from the pulp and paper industry (possibly containing a certain quantity of metakaolin as well as some C3A and C2S) has been used in concrete. A microstructural study of hardened cement paste containing 40 % WSA revealed the formation of hydrated products such as a type of C-A-S-H gel, ettringite, and calcium carboaluminate.

机译：本文的目的是展示由当今材料制成的古代结构，以生产更可持续的调制解调器混凝土。从Tipasa考古遗址和紫禁城网站收集的一些迫击炮样品被提交给XRD和SEM分析。 Tipasa的样品主要煅烧粘土和/或石灰。来自禁区的样品由木头，粘土和白云石组成。两种情况下的主要粘合剂是偶尔含有Mg，K和/或Ci的C-A-S-H凝胶。今天的大部分结构都基于波特兰水泥。实现可持续发展目标通常包括用工业废物或煅烧粘土，尤其是偏塔林的混凝土中的一部分替代水泥的一部分。最近，混凝土中使用了来自纸浆和造纸工业的废纸污泥灰（WSA）（可能含有一定量的MetaKaolin以及一些C3A和C2s）。含有40％WSA的硬化水泥浆料的微观结构研究显示了水合产物的形成，例如一种C-A-S-H凝胶，Ettringite和碳膨胀钙。

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《International Conference on Calcined Clays for Sustainable Concrete》|2015年||共8页
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A. Tagnit-Hamou; M.T. Tognonvi; T. Davidenko;
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From Ancient to Modern Sustainable Concrete

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