Psittacine Conjunctival Xanthomas

摘要

The eyelids, nictitating membrane, and conjunctiva may be involved with primary or secondary diseases. Mass lesions may be caused by infections (ie, mycobacterium), tumors, reactions to foreign materials, and degenerative to proliferative lesions suchas fibrosis from trauma, hyperplastic mucosa from chronic irritation, or changes from hypovitaminosis A. Xanthomas are unexpected mass lesions. Fifty-six cases of xanthomas identified on the eyelid, nictitating membrane, and/or conjunctiva were identified from the Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service database.