Carbon Neutral Process Based on Forward Osmosis (FO) and Membrane Distillation (MP) for the Reuse of High-Salinity Wastewater (HSW)

摘要

High-Salinity Wastewater (HSW) contains at least 3.5 wt% total dissolved solids (TDS). The main streams of HSW are: (1) concentrate of seawater desalination; (2) wastewaters from mining processes of oil, natural gas and shale gas; (3) wastewaters generated from industry processes, such as the production of phenyl acetic acid and herbicides for example, phosphate, etc. The TDS for HSW could reach up to 200,000 mg/L or higher. Besides high salinity, these types of water contain a large quantity of organic chemicals.