New Electrochemical Sensors Based on Clay and Carbon Micro and Nanoparticles for Pharmaceutical and Environmental Analysis

摘要

Particle size separation and refinement, followed by physico-chemical characterization studies of two Romanian bentonites were perfomed. The electrochemical behavior of several Pharmaceuticals and heavy metals was tested on clay-modified carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) and glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) with different clay particle sizes using cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV) and amperometry. A biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization in a polyetylenimine (PEI) and clay porous gel film for acetaminophen detection was successfully obtained. GCEs modified with clay and PEI or polypyrrole films were also tested for the trace metal analysis using CV and SWV with good results. Polypyrrole films, polystyrene spheres and carboxylated MWCNTs were deposed on graphite electrodes and characterized in order to develop a nitrate reductase biosensor.