STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROGRAPHIC ECOSYSTEMS IN WESTERN AND CENTRAL ROMANIA

摘要

Mures River has a length of 766 km and collects water from a 29,767 km~2 area across the territory of two countries (Romania and Hungary). Over time along the river settlements were developed, some of which later became important industrial centers. Mures River Basin in Romania occupies 12% of the country and it gathers water from a network of 10,800 km watercourse. The ecological conditions of the river have an economic importance and its value is significant if we take into consideration all potential natural resources. By connecting two neighboring countries, the environmental problems of this river are not only national but they become international. The negative influence of people on the environment has turned against them, is known very well that human settlements suffer from the nonorganic consumption of the environment. The main objective is to develop a strategy for sustainable development and to ensure biodiversity, to combat cross-border pollution, to reduce the risk of pollution of one of the main tributaries of Danube River, through Tisza River Basin. Thus there were initiated a series of studies and international projects in "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, in order to create opportunities for sustainable economic development, to enhance quality of life through the development and preservation of natural heritage and creation of a management and control system on environmental factors. For this study was chosen a sector from the lower course of Mures River, between two settlements, Zam and Pecica. To include the contribution of tributaries' pollutants and the impact of a city with a large population, sampling points were selected upstream and downstream of Arad. All samples were taken from boats during three subsequent days, in the order site 6 to site 1 opposite to the direction of the water flow. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the pollution degree of Mures and its tributaries as well as to investigate the pollution at the level of aquatic communities. The most important sources of pollution for Mures River and its basin are the mining industry (affecting Aries River), metallurgical industry (tributaries Tarnava, Ampoi, Cerna, Strei), chemical industry (Tarnava), adding numerous water treatment stations, especially located on the river Mures. From these studies we could demonstrate that it is necessary to implement a multidimensional approach into monitoring watercourse networks to improve the sensitivity and accuracy assessment of the ecological effects of pollution on the aquatic environment. In this context, the study of the Mures River and its tributaries is a priority. Based on this study we concluded that in order to increase the eco-toxicological quality of Mures River is required the retention of heavy metals (particularly cadmium and copper) at the sources of pollution, but also an effective treatment of fecal waste, the protection of landscapes and fragile ecosystems, the management of water system in relation to spatial planning, conservation of rivers and lakes, restriction of intensive use of land through the expansion of urban areas and intensive agriculture and flood prevention.