Fabrication of Skeletal Muscle Tissue from C2C12 Myoblast Cell Towards the Use as Bio-Actuator

摘要

Muscle develops active tension upon stimulation and is the only actuator in animals. Muscles work at relatively low temperature compared to combustion engine and are able to use glucose as energy source and considered to be highly efficient actuator.Thus, muscle can be decent candidate for bio-based actuators. Several studies report the use of cardiac cells as actuators and succeeded in producing sufficient force to power micro-devices. Because cardiac cells contract spontaneously, use of skeletal muscle will be more suitable for the use as bio-actuators. Fabrication of skeletal muscle tissue from established cell line is difficult due to the low cell-cell attachment, need of differentiation, and requirement of highly oriented myotubes. Recently, Dennis et al. reported the fabrication of muscle tissue from primary skeletal muscle cells and termed the construct "myooid". They reported that on their attempt to fabricate muscle tissue from mono-culture of murine myoblast cell line C2C12, muscle tissue could not be formed and only when fibroblast cell line 10T1/2 was co-cultured with C2C12, muscle tissue was formed. Their myooid produced only ~2.5% of active tension compared to the in vivo skeletal muscle, which may result from the presence of fibroblast in the myooid construct. In this study, we report the fabrication of myooid from mono-culture of C2C12 by the use of serum free medium AIM-V. Fabricated myooid produced active tension upon electric pulse stimulation and more active tension was generated compared with myooid formed by co-culture of C2C12 and 10T1/2, which demonstrates the increased capability as bio-actuators.