Reuse and Recycling to Ensure the Completion of the 'Green Car': Analysis of the Global Market for Automotive Lithium-ion Battery Recycling and Second Life - (PPT)

摘要

Automotive batteries are industrial batteries, therefore cannot be disposed of as land waste. Current automotive batteries such as lead-acid batteries have more than 90 per cent recycling rate in North America and Europe. Automotive battery recycling is supported by various legislation such as the batteries directive, end-of-life of vehicles directive (ELV), European raw materials initiative and waste electrical and electronic equipment directive (WEEE). Legislation such as these are expected to drive OEMs in developing comprehensive recycling concepts for the batteries in EVs. The average lithium cost associated with Li-ion battery production is less than 3 per cent of the production cost. Intrinsic value for the Li-ion recycling business comes from the valuable metals such as cobalt and nickel that are highly priced than lithium, which is about $3 per pound. Due to less demand for lithium and low prices, almost none of the lithium used in consumer batteries are completely recycled.