Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have shown benefit in single and multi-agent chemotherapeutic protocols for canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. The mechanism by which COX inhibitors work as chemotherapeutic agents has notfully been elucidated, but involves both cyclooxygenase-dependent and independent mechanisms. Several human and canine studies indicate that COX-2 selective NSAIDs may be more efficacious against cancer and may have fewer side effects associated with their use than mixed COX inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of carprofen (Rimadyl~R), an oral veterinary formulated COX-2 selective NSAID, in combination with mitoxantrone for the treatment of canine TCC.
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