Synthesis and Evaluation of Neuroprotective alpha, beta-Unsaturated Aldehyde Scavenger Histidyl-containing Analogs of Carnosine

摘要

Alpha, beta-Unsaturated aldehydes formed upon oxidation of unsaturated lipids, like malondialdehyde (MDA, existing under physiological conditions as its unsaturated enol tautomer), 4-hydroxyalkenals, and 2-alkenals (e.g., acrolein and crotonaldehyde) are reactive species of particular interest for their direct or indirect influence in human pathologies. Among these, acrolein and 4-hydroxy-trans-2,3-nonenal (HNE) have been extensively studied for their involvement in the pathogenesis of diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.