Chapter 31 BENCHMARKING, JOINT OPERATIONS, AND ANTITRUST LAW: BOUNDARIES FOR COOPERATION AMONG COMPETITORS IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

摘要

In recent years, U.S. companies increasingly have entered into collaborations as a means of expanding into international markets, funding expensive innovations, and lowering costs.2 Many companies lack the capital, labor force, or technology to "go it alone" on a particular project, which has driven the need for alternative business arrangements. Energy companies in particular are drawn to collaborations to offset the cost of large-scale exploration, to share the risks and benefits of ownership, and to access international markets.