Modelling of the Exposure of Urban Populations to PM2.5, NO2 and O3, and Applications in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area in 2002 and 2025

摘要

A mathematical model EXPAND (EXposure model for Particulate matter And Nitrogen oxiDes) can be used to evaluate human exposure to air pollution in an urban area. The model combines the predicted concentrations and the information on the time use of the population on an hourly basis. The model allows for the exposure in residences, workplaces and traffic, and partly also in other activities, such as recreational facilities. The model has been integrated to an urban dispersion modelling system of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The computed results are processed and visualised using the GIS system MapInfo. The numerical results contain the predicted hourly spatial concentration, time activity and exposure distributions of PM2.5, NO2 and O3 in 2002 and 2025 in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.