Details will be presented of a numerical tool chain for determining design and performance tolerances for laminarflow wings subject to surface imperfections such as dimples, waviness, steps and gaps. The toolset is based on solution of the fully 3d parabolised stability equations for a base flow obtained by boundary layer extraction from RANS flow solutions or through solution of the fully 3d boundary layer equations. The presentation will include results obtained forsome current application challenges.
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