In all consecutive 16.934 live births (LB), the cord blood culture (CBC) rate, the yielding of microbial blood culture and the rate of group B streptococcus (GBS) found in CBC had been assessed. As universal screening in pregnant women for searching GBS started at 2001 in our hospital, the study was divided in two periods from 1998 to 2001 (period 1) and from 2002 to 2004 (period 2), and the results compared. There was a significant increment in the CBC/1000 LB, (a mean from 27.9 to 55.1); also there was a rising in both, the mean ratio of positive-CBC/1000 LB (from 1.2 to 3.8), and the mean rate of positive-GBS/1000 LB (from 1.0 to 2.4) between the two periods.Regarding prophylaxis of early neonatal infection, although the risk-based approach that ruled till 2001 was acceptable, is more effective the prophy-laxis-based approach for detection of newborns with early bacteraemia.
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