ELEMENTAL TRACE AND SULFUR SPECIES ANALYSIS OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS BY ICP-IDMS.

摘要

The main source of anthropogenic sulfur emissions into the environment is the combustion of sulfur containing petroleum products. From these sulfur emissions, for example, sulfuric acid is formed which influences many atmospheric processes and is also a hazardous contaminant, so that it is aspired to strongly reduce sulfur emissions. Also the reduction of sulfur in gasoline is necessary because modern car engine catalysts are affected by sulfur compounds. Some heavy metals like lead and cadmium can also have negative effects on the environment by their emission with exhaust gases. According to the EU directive 98/70/EC there is a legal limit of 50 (mu)g/g for sulfur in gasoline and diesel fuel. However, so called "sulfur-free" gasoline with sulfur contents of <10 (mu)g/g is already available. This leads to the necessity of further improvements in the desulphurization steps by refineries. To optimize these processes the total concentration of sulfur but also the different sulfur species must be routinely determined by sensitive, fast and accurate analytical methods. In addition, also the content of heavy metals is of special interest.