Toxicity assessment of fosthiazate, metalaxyl-M and imidacloprid and their interaction with copper on Daphnia magna

摘要

The toxic effects of three agrochemicals (fosthiazate, metalaxyl-M and imidacloprid) and copper were investigated in this study on the crustacean Daphnia magna. Copper was the most toxic tested compound with the lowest EC_(50) value, equal to 0.11 mg/L. Among the three agrochemicals, fosthiazate was the most toxic with an EC_(50) value equal to 0.32 mg/L, about two orders of magnitude lower than the EC_(50) of metalaxyl-M and imidachloprid. The interactive effects of binary mixtures of fosthiazate, metalaxyl-M or imidacloprid and copper were also investigated. The interactive effects between agrochemicals and copper were antagonistic in most cases, while additive effects were observed for binary mixtures of metalaxyl-M and copper for low concentration combinations.