Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Fine Air Particles in Phitsanulok, Lower Northern Part of Thailand Compared to Urban Area in Bangkok

摘要

Roadside airborne Particulate Matter (PM) size less than 10 micron (PM10) was collected from four sites in central Phitsanulok, lower northern part of Thailand, with population of hundred thousand. Daily samples were taken every month from June 2003 to January 2004. PM10 concentrations taken on dry season exceeded the Thailand National Ambient Air Quality standard of 120 μg/m3. Our results showed that the roadside samples were contained primarily OC, EC and Ca of 29.33±9.40 μg/m3 42.28±16.57 μg/m3 and 9.57±5.47 μg/m3, respectively. The major elements were Si, Al, Fe, K and S. In comparison to the urban pollution in Bangkok with population of more than six million, OC, EC and Ca compositions of fine particulate matter at Bangkok sites were found 24.86±8.23 μg/m3 71.21±25.37 μg/m3 and 4.03±1.79 μg/m3 , respectively. The chemical mass balance receptor model was applied to data of particle compound concentration and five major emission sources I.e. mobiles sources, dust resuspension from soil and road surface, biomass burning, industrial fuel burning and melting steel industry . The important airborne particulate matter sources in Phitsanulok were mobile sources, biomass burning and road dust but those of Bangkok, automobiles, which were the major sources.