Cholangiocarcinoma includes a variety of tumours originating from the biliary epithelium and may, therefore, be localized both in the liver and in the extrahepatic bile ducts. In this chapter we focus on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICC) and hilar cholangiocarcinomas (hilCC) which require hepatic surgery to be treated. Cholangiocarcinomas localized in the middle and distal part of the bile duct are treated by resection of the bile duct, which includes in most instances resection of the head of the pancreas. ICC and hilCC require expertise in the field of hepatic surgery but many aspects of diagnostic work-up and of surgical approaches to treatment differ considerably, requiring separate consideration of these two entities.
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