Although recent findings have increased the level of understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) there is still much to be learned. Current paradigms suggest that treatment should be based on influencing the immune response which is thought to be abnormal. More recently some alternative strategies based on new understanding of the barrier concept and of the role of the commensal flora have been brought forward, and wait to be used for daily clinical work. In this chapter the current state and the future perspectives of IBD therapy are discussed.
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