New methods meet an age-old concern: Microbes in the classroom

摘要

This paper reviews studies where two novel methods for measuring microbes -- fluorescence-based real-time sampling and next-generation sequencing tools -- were applied in occupied classrooms. In some cases, these studies have reinforced knowledge based on traditional, culture-based methods. In other cases, the new methods generated new findings: e.g., the number and diversity of microbes indoors is far greater than was previously appreciated; and each student leaves a unique microbial "fingerprint" on surfaces. The perspective conferred by next-generation sequencing methods -- that microbes are not individual agents of harm but rather dynamic ecological communities -- supports the emerging understanding that the path forward for best practices for healthy classrooms (as well as for other indoor environments) should emphasize management rather than pursuing microbial destruction as a goal.