In this study, nano size neodymium oxide powders were prepared by sol-gel process and calcinations of gel from neodymium nitrate solution prepared from acid leaching solution of NdFeB magnet scrap. Mole ratio of neodymium and organic acid, 1:2 was appropriate for sol-gel process. When gel powder prepared by sol-gel process was calcinated to obtain neodymium oxide, crystallity of neodymium oxide increased with increasing of calcination temperature. The kind of organic acid as gelation agent played important role in the shape of neodymium oxide. In the case of citric acid, neodymium oxide had sponge type t hat had no relation with calcination temperature. But in the case of malonic acid, neodymium oxide had sponge type under 900°C of calcination temperature, and fractionized nano-size particles above 1000°C. It was possible to prepare nano-size neodymium oxide by sol-gel process.
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