Madame la Ministre, dear Colleagues, It is a pleasure to welcome you to Rio for the IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics. This Conference is the second one organized under the umbrella of IUPAP's Working Group on Women in Physics to address an issue that is very important for physics. This working group was created by IUPAP's Atlanta General Assembly in 1999. If I remember correctly, it was first proposed by the Swedish delegation, which had noticed that in Sweden, there are many women in politics or even in other areas of science (biology), but very few in physics, and the reason is not completely clear. Some of the countries were not very enthusiastic (including my own country of France, with two women in the delegation …) because situations vary widely among countries.
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