The Effect of Refractory Mill Additions on the Thermal Expansion of Enamel

摘要

Crazing,spalling,warp,and other problems are caused by stress that develops between enamel and steel substrate during the cooling cycle of the firing process.This effect is due to the differences in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of the two materials.Above the glass transition temperature (T_g),in the process of cooling,the stress is relieved first by the viscous flow and,at the lower temperatures,by the plastic deformation of the enamel.