Biomechanics of Spinal Deformity Correction

摘要

The study of biomechanics provides the scientific basis for understanding structural pathology in disorders of spinal alignment and instability. It also gives us the body of knowledge necessary to correct disorders of spinal degeneration, instability, and deformity. Nowhere is this understanding more important than in the correction of spinal deformity. Scoliosis and other spinal deformity conditions are three-dimensional deformities of the spine. There is rotation in the axial, sagittal, and coronal planes of the spine. Correction must occur in all three planes. Understanding how the spine rotates when a corrective force is applied is the first step in planning a deformity correction. It is also important to understand what forces the construct will be exposed to and must resist until the biological solution of spinal fusion occurs. In this chapter, we will examine the basic principles of spinal deformity correction. This will include force application, rotational correction, and construct mechanics. In order to work with these principles, it is first important to once again become familiar with the vocabulary and principles that form the foundation of correction mechanics.