After September 11th, Congress implemented three major programs in order to respond to terrorist threats worldwide. These programs/initiatives are designed to make the global supply chain safer, without compromising efficiency. This goal has been achieved with varying degrees of success. The effectiveness of these programs/initiatives and their effect of the overall global supply chain and the global business environment will be discussed. The three programs that will be discussed are the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, the Container Security Initiative, and the Customs Trade Partnership against Terrorism, and their impact on the freight supply chain. These three programs are interrelated, and their purposes are to ensure the safety and security of cargo that enters the U.S. from overseas. It is clear that for successful homeland security, both the United States and foreign governments will have to work closely together implementing these initiatives. This paper will explain the background of each program, its goals, and how it affects the supply chain.
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