That Time of the Year? Seasonal Reproductive Disorders in Birds

摘要

Hormonally mediated behavioral and medical problems of psittacine birds were described, including screaming, aggression, regurgitation, masturbation, egg binding, and dystocia. Diagnostic approaches to problems that tend to worsen on a seasonal basiswere suggested, along with a review of the reproductive anatomy and endocrinology for male and female birds. Behavioral approaches to reproductive behavior problems were also described, along with treatment options.