MULTI-INSTRUMENT PARTICULATE MATTER CHARACTERIZATION DURING THE 2004 NEW YEAR CELEBRATION IN MANILA (14°33.978' N; 120°59.523' E)

摘要

Particulate matter from firecracker emission during the 2004 New Year Celebration in Manila (14°33.978' N; 120°59.523' E) were characterized using a horizontal LIDAR, low-volume air sampler, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray microanalysis (EDX). Extinction coefficient measurements at 532 and 355nm were made using the LIDAR at an altitude 20m above sea level. 532nm depolarization ratio was also determined. SEM and EDX analysis of air samples collected, simultaneous to the LIDAR experiments, using a low volume impactor/sampler was done. SEM provides morphology and sizes of the particles. EDX analysis on New Year's particles revealed elements used in manufacturing firecrackers such as Al, C, Ca, Cl, Cu, K, Na, O, Ba, Mg, S, Zn, and Fe.