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Reproducibility and Pseudo-Determinism in Log-Space

机译:日志空间中的再现性和伪确定主义

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A curious property of randomized log-space search algorithms is that their outputs are often longer than their workspace. This leads to the question: how can we reproduce the results of a randomized log space computation without storing the output or randomness verbatim? Running the algorithm again with new random bits may result in a new (and potentially different) output. We show that every problem in search-RL has a randomized log-space algorithm where the output can be reproduced. Specifically, we show that for every problem in search-RL, there are a pair of log-space randomized algorithms A and B where for every input x, A will output some string t_x of size O(log n), such that B when running on (x, t_x) will be pseudo-deterministic: that is, running B multiple times on the same input (x, t_x) will result in the same output on all executions with high probability. Thus, by storing only O(log n) bits in memory, it is possible to reproduce the output of a randomized log-space algorithm. An algorithm is reproducible without storing any bits in memory (i.e., |t_x| = 0) if and only if it is pseudo-deterministic. We show pseudo-deterministic algorithms for finding paths in undirected graphs and Eulerian graphs using logarithmic space. Our algorithms are substantially faster than the best known deterministic algorithms for finding paths in such graphs in log-space. The algorithm for search-RL has the additional property that its output, when viewed as a random variable depending on the randomness used by the algorithm, has entropy O(log n).
机译:随机对数空间搜索算法的好奇属性是它们的输出通常比其工作空间长。这导致了问题:如何在不存储输出或随机性的情况下重现随机日志空间计算结果的结果?再次使用新的随机位运行算法可能导致新(且可能不同)的输出。我们表明搜索RL中的每个问题都有一个随机的日志空间算法,其中可以再现输出。具体而言,我们表明对于搜索RL中的每个问题,有一对日志空间随机算法A和B,其中每个输入x,a将输出大小O的字符串t_x(log n),使得b何时在(x,t_x)上运行将是伪确定的:也就是说,在相同的输入(x,t_x)上多次运行b将导致具有高概率的所有执行情况相同的输出。因此,通过存储在存储器中仅存储O(log n)位,可以再现随机记录空间算法的输出。算法是可重复的,如果才能存储在存储器(即,| T_X | = 0)中的任何位,如果且仅当它是伪确定的。我们展示了使用对数空间查找无向图和欧拉图表中的路径的伪确定算法。我们的算法基本上比用于在日志空间中的图表中查找路径的最佳已知的确定性算法。搜索RL的算法具有其输出的额外属性,当根据算法使用的随机性观看时,其输出,具有熵O(log n)。

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