Based on the mentioned-above, the following conclusion can be drawn: (1) in winter season, the cold air outbreaks over East Asia is one of the most significant weather events of whiter over the northern hemisphere, and extremely dry and cold air invades from Siberia to Mongolia, North China, Korea, even to Southeast Asia. (2) The majority of occasions of heavy rainfall over South Thailand, Malaysia and South China Sea are due to tropical disturbances developing along the low level near equatorial trough around 5°-10°N. (3) The strong convection activities in lower latitude area triggered by the cold surge, not only influence the local weather in tropical region, but also is one kind of feedback on the atmospheric general circulation, and it probably enhances the Hadley circulation. (4) In winter monsoon, there existed the pronounced interaction between multi-scale systems and between both hemispheres. Therefore, it should be paid more attention, especially, to study of the general circulation and weather system in southern hemisphere in future.
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