Computer-assisted imaging techniques have markedly improved our ability to detect disease; however, in many cases, results are disappointingly nonspecific. This is often true in the assessment of osteomyelitis and in its distinction from nonspecific inflammation and neuropathic change. This chapter will review the imaging evaluation of patients who are suspected of having osteomyelitis, emphasizing fundamental concepts and distinguishing features. The chapter is not meant as a comprehensive review but as a review of the basic terminology, fundamental concepts, and general imaging principles. In addition, attention will be directed to specific commonly encountered clinical circumstances in which the diagnosis is especially difficult.
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