Ovariohysterectomy and Castration are the most common surgeries done in small animal practice, and the incidence of complications associated with these procedures is low. It is therefore quite disappointing to veterinary surgeons, when a "simple surgery," results in a complex complication. There are many reasons for complications, but in elective surgeries that are performed frequently, it is likely a lapse of concentration, a short cut, or maybe an occasional and unexpected surprise that results ina problem that requires additional surgery to correct. Many complications, for example hemorrhage, are common and do not require prolonged discussion. These notes will be directed at complications that may not be expected and can be difficult to resolve
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