Evaluations of Kinetic Parameters and Critical Runaway Conditions under the Reaction Condition of Nitric Acid Mixed with Acetic Acid to Produce HMX in A Nonisothermal Batch Reactor

摘要

For decades, HMX (Cyclotetramethylene Tetramine) has been manufactured and used. Although its production process is very common and has been safe until now, a large number of thermal runaway accidents and explosions have occurred. Even though isothermal and non-isothermal techniques of thermal analysis are widely used to estimate material decomposition kinetic and thermochemical properties, the critical runaway temperature and unstable criterion of the HMX reaction process are yet not fully understood. Consequently, the related industries have had to dictate operating conditions in order to avoid runaway reactions. To prevent potential unexpected reaction hazards, this study evaluates reaction kinetic parameters from general production data of HMX. This study also determines the critical runaway conditions of the HMX reaction in a non-isothermal batch reactor using the transient energy and mass balance equations and assesses its kinetic parameters by numerical techniques simultaneously. Such a critical runaway condition can thus be expressed as a function of kinetic parameters of chemical reaction, physical properties, and operating temperature, etc. Furthermore, the required heat transfer coefficients under the critical conditions can be estimated as well.