As techniques of the biomolecular sequence analysis have progressed in recent years, the genome structures of each life form have been revealed. To fully understand the life process, we have to analyze all gene expressions in cells. The DNA microarray technique is currently attractive as an effective methods for measuring the activity of genes in cells. This technique enables us to understand the behaviour of genes. However, the cDNA microarray method does not measure the absolute gene expressions, but rather their relative expression levels are compared to a sample tissue. To measure the relative expression levels, we compare the fluorescence of target cDNAs with the fluorescence of reference cDNAs of the same tissue types. In other words, we figure out up- or down-regulations detected by using the cDNA microarray method to compare fluorescence of reference and target cDNAs.
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