Microsatellites are a class of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) loci widely distributed throughout eukaryotic nuclear genomes and the chloroplast genomes of some plant species. Characterized by high mutation rates and therefore high variability, these genetic markers are frequently analyzed to study the evolutionary relationships between groups that have evolved independently for moderate time periods. Because many human domestications occurred in this period of thousands to tens of thousands ofyears, microsatellites are ideal markers with which to study animal and plant domestications. Here we use data from two studies of microsatellite polymorphisms to estimate domestication times of two founder crops of Old World agriculture: Triticum (wheat) and Hordeum (barley). Our goal was to use genetic analyses to calculate the number of generations elapsed since the wild and cultivated species of each respective cereal genus diverged, thus allowing us to infer when the domestication of these plants occurred. Based on microsatellite data, intervals of domestication times were calculated for wheat and barley. The obtained time ranges were: 9,391 to 19,866 years between T. dicoccoides and T. aestivum; 8,705 to 18,414 between T. dicoccoides and T. durum; and 4,271 to 9036 years between H. spontaneum and H. vulgare. Our estimated times of domestication are consistent with archaeological findings of cultivated wheat and barley.
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机译：微卫星是一类可变数串联重复（VNTR）基因座广泛分布在整个真核核基因组和一些植物物种的叶绿体基因组。特征在于高突变率和因此高可变性，这些遗传标记经常分析以研究为中等时间段独立进化的组之间的进化关系。由于许多人类统治者发生在这段时间成千上万的成千上万的几十只，因此微卫星是学习动物和植物驯化的理想标志。在这里，我们使用两种微卫星多态性研究的数据来估算旧世界农作物的两次创始作物的驯化时间：小麦（小麦）和部落（大麦）。我们的目标是使用遗传分析来计算自野生谷物属的野生和栽培种类的几种产物数量，从而允许我们在发生这些植物的驯化时推断出来。基于微卫星数据，为小麦和大麦计算驯化时间的间隔。获得的时间范围是：T. dicoccoides和Aestivum之间的9,391至19,866岁; T. dicoccoides和T.Durum之间的8,705至18,414; H. Spontaneum和H.Vulgare之间的4,271至9036岁。我们估计的驯化时间与栽培小麦和大麦的考古发现一致。
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